KM in Practice

The aim of this article is to identify the major approaches of the KM field. The first step towards the identification of existing frameworks and approaches was an extensive keyword search, carried out both on the Web (using the Google search engine) and on specialized journal databases including:

• ScienceDirect (www.sciencedirect.com),
• Emerald (www.emeraldinsight.com),
• IEEE (ieeexplore.ieee.org),
• SAGE (online.sagepub.com),
• SpringerLink (springerlink.metapress.com),
• Wiley Interscience (www3.interscience.wiley.com),
• Journal of Knowledge Management Practice (www.tlainc.com), and
• I3 UPDATE (www.skyrme.com/updates)

The keywords used for this purpose included, KM Framework, KM Method, KM Approach, Intellectual Capital, KM Processes, Knowledge Processes and Knowledge Management Systems.

The result was a great number of publications and resources that were downsized by keeping only the publication describing complete frameworks and approaches. At the same time the references of the initial sample of publications were investigated, enriching the original sample with even more publications, again keeping those describing complete frameworks and approaches. This selection process led to a final sample, of 35 frameworks, including:

1. The Framework of Knowledge Management stages (van der Spek & Spijkervet, 1997).
2. The Framework of Core Capabilities and Knowledge Building (Barton, 1995).
3. The Process Oriented KM approach (Remus, 2002).
4. The KPMG Knowledge Management framework (Alavi, 1997).
5. The Knowledge Management event chain (Despres & Chauvel, 1999).
6. The Value Platform (Petrash, 1996).
7. The Intangible Assets Monitor (Sveiby, 1997).
8. The Skandia Navigator (Edvinsson & Malone, 1997).
9. The Intellectual Capital of the Firm (Sullivan, 1998).
10. The CommonKADS methodology (Schreiber, de Hoog, Shadbolt, Van de Velde, & Wielinga, 1999).
11. The OVUM system architecture (Woods & Sheina, 1999).
12. The OMIS Success Model (Jennex, Olfman, & Pituma, 1998).
13. The Knowledge Creating Company (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995).
14. Building Blocks of Knowledge Management (Probst, Raub, & Romhard, 1997).
15. The Movement of Knowledge in the I-Space (Boisot, 1987).
16. The knowledge value chain model (Holsapple & Singh, 2001).
17. Knowledge Management Process Model (Kucza, 2001).
18. The Knowledge Management process framework (Bukowitz & William, 2000).
19. The Knowledge Life Cycle (McElroy, 2002).
20. Three Pillars of Knowledge Management (Wiig, 1993).
21. Model of Organizational Knowledge Management (Andersen, A., & The American Productivity and Quality Center, 1996).
22. Framework of Intellectual Capital Management (Huang, 1997).
23. Tasks of Knowledge Management (Allweyer, 1998).
24. Ernst and Young KM Method (Woods & Sheina, 1999).
25. Knowledge Value Chain (Weggeman, 1997)
26. The Fraunhofer IPK Reference Model for KM (Heisig, 2000).
27. The MITRE KM model (Taylor Small & Tatalias, 2000).
28. Knowledge Management Maturity Model (Ehms & Langen, 2003).
29. „le manageur“ - The Knowledge Management framework (Menon, Dekker, Oosterhof, & Oppelland, 1998).
30. Process oriented KM (Remus, 2002).
31. EKMF KM Framework (Weber, Wunram, Kemp, Pudlatz, & Bredehorst, 2002).
32. The Know-Net Approach (Mentzas, Apostolou, Abecker, & Young, 2003).
33. European Knowledge Management Framework (CEN, 2004).
34. The process model of Rastogi (Rastogi, 2000).
35. The process model Tannembaum and Alliger (Tannenbaum & Alliger, 2000)

References

Alavi, M. (1997). KPMG Peat Marwick U.S.: One Giant Brain. Boston: Harvard Business School.

Allweyer, T. (1998). Modellbaslertess Wissensmanagement. IM Information Management and Consulting , 13 (1), 37-45.

Andersen, A., & The American Productivity and Quality Center. (1996). The Knowledge Management Assessment Tool (Vols. External Benchmarking Version, Winter).

Barton, L. D. (1995). Wellsprings of Knowledge. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Boisot, M. (1987). Information and Organisations: The Manager as Anthropologist. London: Fontana/Collins.

Bukowitz, W. R., & William, R. L. (2000). The knowledge management fieldbook. London: Prentice Hall.

CEN. (2004a). European Guide to Good Practice in Knowledge Management - Part 1: Knowledge Management Framework. CEN Workshop Agreement, European Committee For Standardization, Management Centre.

Despres, C., & Chauvel, D. (1999). Knowledge Management(s). Journal of Knowledge Management , 3 (2), 110-120.

Edvinsson, L., & Malone, M. (1997). Intellectual Capital: Realizing Your Company's True Value by Finding its Hidden Brainpower. New York: Harper Business.

Ehms, K., & Langen, M. (2003). Holistic Development of Knowledge Management with KMMM. Positioning Paper on Workshop Bewertung von Wissensmanagement projekten, 2-4 April 2003.

Heisig, P. (2000). Process Modelling for Knowledge Management. EKAW Workshop on Common Approaches on Knowledge Management, 12th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management.

Holsapple, C. W., & Singh, M. (2001). The Knowledge Chain Model: Activities for Competitiveness. Expert Systems with Applications , 20, 77-98.

Huang, K. T. (1997). Capitalizing Collective Knowledge for Winning, Execution and Teamwork. Journal of Knowledge Management , 1 (2).

Jennex, M., Olfman, L., & Pituma, P. (1998). An organizational memory information systems success model: An extension of DeLone and McLean’s I/S success model. Proceedings of the 31st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

Kucza, T. (2001). Knowledge Management Process Model. Technical Research Centre of Finland. Finland: VTT Publications 455.

McElroy, M. (2002). The New Knowledge Management, Complexity, Learning, and Sustainable Innovation. Burlington, England: Butterworth-Heineman.

Menon, A., Dekker, R., Oosterhof, J., & Oppelland, H. (1998). Creating tomorrow`s business: managing knowledge. Rotterdam: Learning Center for Strategy and Entrepreneurship „le manageur“.

Mentzas, G., Apostolou, D., Abecker, A., & Young, R. (2003). Knowledge Asset Management: Beyond the Process-centred and Product-centred Approaches. London: Spinger-Verlag.

Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, K. (1995). The Knowledge Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Petrash, G. (1996). Dow’s Journey to a Knowledge Value Management Culture. European Management Journal , 14 (4), 365-373.

Probst, G., Raub, S., & Romhard, K. (1997). Wissen Managen. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag.

Rastogi, P. N. (2000). Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital - The New Virtuous Reality Of Competitiveness. Human Systems Management , 19 (1), 15-39.

Remus, U. (2002). Prozessorientiertes Wissensmanagement. Konzepte und Modellierung. Dissertation, Universitat Regensburg, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät.

Schreiber, G. A., de Hoog, R., Shadbolt, N., Van de Velde, W., & Wielinga, B. (1999). Knowledge Engineering and Management: The CommonKADS Methodology. London: The MIT Press.

Sullivan, P. H. (1998). Profiting from Intellectual Capital: Extracting Value From Innovation. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Sveiby, K. (1997). The New Organizational Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.

Tannenbaum, S., & Alliger, G. (2000). Knowledge Management : Clarifying the Key Issues. IHRIM.

Taylor Small, C., & Tatalias, J. (2000). Knowledge Management Model Guides KM Process. Retrieved April 7, 2002, from The Edge Newsletter: http://www.mitre.org/news/the_edge/april_00/small.html

van der Spek, R., & Spijkervet, A. (1997). Knowledge Management: Dealing Intelligently with Knowledge. In J. Liebowitz, & L. Wilcox (Eds.), Knowledge Management and Its Intergrative Elements. New York: CRC Press.

Weber, F., Wunram, M., Kemp, J., Pudlatz, M., & Bredehorst, B. (2002). Standardisation in Knowledge Management – Towards a Common KM Framework in Europe. Towards Common Approaches & Standards in KM, Proceedings of UNICOM Seminar. London.

Weggeman. (1997). Kennismanagement, inrichting es besturing vas kennisintensieve organisaties. Schiedam: Scriptum management.

Wiig, K. M. (1993). Knowledge Management Foundations. Arlington: Schema Press.

Woods, E., & Sheina, M. (1999). Knowledge Management: Building the Collaborative Enterprise. Report, Ovum Ltd, London.

Last update: 26-05-2008 08:41